Effects of Activities of Fluorides and Salivary Amylase

Effects of Activities of Fluorides and tonguery AmylaseEver since 1919, cause of activities of fluorides and salivary amylase have been reported. N iodinetheless, research on returns of salivary amylase and fluorides activities be limited. investigating carried out by several researchers on salivary amylase about change integrity properties of stiffen to dental consonant caries development showed mixed results. While some other studies implied a correlation amid dental caries and t each activities of salivary amylase, some research on the same topic showed negative correlation. At the same time, other studies showed no correlation at all (Vergona, 1993).Salivary amylase aids in metabolism and colonization of streptococcus that lead to dental plague and dental caries formation. It acts as a receptor on which microorganism sticks to tooth surfaces. Moreover it has capabilities of binding to surfaces of bacteria and hydrolyses starch to produce products that argon altered to form acids. In in vivo and in vitro studies, it is indicated that sodium fluoride inhibits salivary amylase enzyme when the concentration of fluoride is more than 5 x 10-2 M (BioSciences Information return of Biological Abstracts, 1978). This means that salivary amylase of human being is not impinged on when fluoride concentration is below 5 x 10-2 M. In vivo rent showed that when a rat drinks pissing that has 25 or 50 ppm of fluorides for a completion of four weeks, there is stimulation of salivary amylase secretion and flow consecrate in parotid glands (Afonsky, 1961).Influence of human salivary glands by fluoride is through with(p) by use of sodium fluoride upshot (NaF) in in vitro experiment. In this experiment, participants are allowed to fast overnight and wash their mouth with water that is distilled onward chewing parafilm at around 9 a.m. Saliva is then produced at heart the next two minutes after water rinsing for a flow rate of ten minutes and centrifuged at 12 d x g in a centrifuge known as Sorvall RC2-B. At this point the saliva ph level is measured (Kettering Laboratory, 1963).The data produced from preliminary analysis of this study do not show any important contravention between sexes on activities of salivary amylase. Varying the concentration of NaF ranging (sodium flouride) between 0 and 500 mM do not cause major differences in activities of salivary amylase. When NaF concentration is at one hundred mM, the use of salivary amylase is more than 100%. But when the concentration of NaF is at 500mM, the action at law of salivary amylase becomes 92.8%. Because of intraoral activity of salivary amylase, it is considered as very important for oral health. Salivary gland produces this enzyme and is anchor at a low concentration in parotid gland. It is protein in nature and in molecular terms, it has a 62-67 kDa weight. Amylase enzyme digests polysaccharides through hydrolysis of glycogen, 4 glucosidic starch linkages and other polysa ccharides (Rajesndran, 2009).An assay enzyme is made by a mixture that has 3ml of 0.2% of ascendant of starch, 3% of 0.1M stem of Tris buffer which has a ph of 7.0 and 0.1M solution of saliva extract that is weaken. The assay mixture is warmed at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius for a period of one hour. Towards the end period of experiment, aliquot solution having 1.0 M is pipetted in a tryout tube that has a 1.0 N solution of Nelson_Somogyi. This mixture is then heated in hot water for a period not less than ten minutes. 1.0M solution of NaF solution is added to this mixture after cooling down. The resultant solution is suitably diluted and read in a spectrophotometer on 520nm mark.In a current research, it was shown that a decoction of tea that has high fluoride concentration exhibits no amylase inhibition. Moreover, no enzyme activity is observed on addition of more concentration of NaF (Seifert, 1986). Ph division of incubation medium caused the NaF inhibition effect. In this experiment, after incubation period of one hour, it is impossible to sense variations that are more than 0.01 ph unit. make a comparison between the joint results gained from the experiment with water and the one that was gotten from rinsing with a solution of 0.05% NaF shows that the difference becomes significantly significant. There is a possibility that huge individual variation gotten from every group is in all likelihood to influence analysis.The final results gotten for activity of amylase in in vivo experiment were succumbed to test of Kolmogorov-Smirnov (pEven though the alpha-amylase shows to be remarkably stable on high ph levels, it is quite possible that detected decrease in enzyme activity levels when it was treated with 100 mM and 500nM NaF solution respectively is caused by subjoin in ph by the fluoride actions. The stability and activity of human salivary amylase is relied on aluminum and sodium ions that are present. Just like disulfide linkages, alumini um specifically forms cross-links of molecules with the protein of the enzyme. A number of enzymes that need aluminium for activity are slowed down by fluoride. The mechanism used in inhibition await to be through fluoride that induced aluminium removal as it was suggested in a previous research that used amylase which was obtained from mung bean seedlings (Thimann, 1944). other study that has been carried out in Mexico by Alarcon-Herrera et al indicates that spontaneous fractures of study in adults frequently show decreased tensile strength in bones were proportionally higher at 6ppm F concentration in water than at any other concentration level of F(Tmh, 2006). However, dental fluorosis that increases with increased F concentration in water correlates with incidences of bone fractures in both adults as well as children (King Reiss, 2001).ConclusionThis study has shown that the effects of NaF concentration on human salivary amylase activities are shown in in vivo and in vitro ex periments. In vitro experiment showed that no statistically considerable difference is observed in the activity of amylase after incubation period of one hour using a fluoride solution that is concentrated to 550mM. With in vivo experiment, the effect of 0.05% solution of sodium fluoride is examined on human salivary amylase that was gathered at different intervals after rinsing the mouth of the participants. For a second time, no statistically considerable difference is examined in the activity of amylase in all the examined samples.